Food is any substance that an organism consumes for nutritional support, usually from plant or animal sources. It contains nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins and vitamins that are required by the body for growth, repair of tissues, regulation of vital processes and maintenance of health.
The foods that we eat vary according to our culture, lifestyle, and environment. For example, people in hot countries may eat more cereal grains than those living in colder areas. A person’s diet can also be influenced by cultural rituals.
Eating a balanced diet means consuming a variety of foods from each of the 5 food groups (cereal grains, vegetables, fruits, meat and dairy). Each food group provides different types and amounts of nutrients, so you need to eat a range from each to stay healthy and avoid malnutrition.
Cereal Grains
Throughout the world, more than half of the calories consumed by large populations are derived from cereal grains. This includes corn, wheat, rice, oats and barley.
They are a major source of energy for both humans and animals, as well as an important source of protein and B vitamins. In addition, they are a rich source of fibre.
Vegetables
Vegetables come in a wide variety of colours, flavours and textures. They are an essential part of a balanced diet, providing vitamins and minerals as well as important phytochemicals and antioxidants.
Legumes
Lentils, peas, beans and chickpeas are legumes that are high in protein. They are also a good source of fibre, potassium and other nutrients.
These are all important for controlling blood pressure and lowering the risk of heart disease. They also help to maintain healthy bones, teeth and muscles.
Fruit
Fresh fruit is an excellent source of nutrients and is a good source of fiber, which can help keep your digestive system in tip-top condition. Fruit can be eaten as a snack, or added to soups and stews for extra flavour and nutrition.
Fish
Fish, shellfish and eggs are an excellent source of protein and essential fatty acids. They are also a good source of calcium and vitamin D.
Meat and poultry are another essential part of the diet for people around the world. They are a rich source of protein and iron, as well as other nutrients.
The world’s major meat producers are China, the United States, Australia, Russia and Argentina.
A poor harvest, flood or drought can affect people’s diets in some parts of the world. This is called malnutrition and it can lead to starvation and illness.
Often, poor quality and unhygienic foods are the main causes of malnutrition. However, improved methods of farming and transportation as well as increased trade and tourism have also contributed to making more types of food available to a wider variety of people.
A well-balanced diet is important to ensure that we eat enough of the five main food groups daily, while staying away from discretionary choices or ‘junk foods’. To achieve this, try to cook in bulk and freeze what you don’t use as meal-size portions.
